Like Darrah and Stegner, however, Worster does not adequately explain the cartographic, economic, engineering, managerial, political, and scientific reasons for the failure of the IS and Powell’s demise as head of the USGS. And Frederick Webb Hodge’s Handbook of the American Indian (1907-1910) was the summation of the work of many, all of them working under Powell’s direction and guided by his powerfully synthesizing and organizing mind. Stegner, Wallace Earle, Beyond the hundredth meridian: John Wesley Powell and the second opening of the West, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982, 1954. Cambridge, Mass. John Wesley Powell was an iconic 19th-century explorer, scientist, and environmentalist. In 1879, John Wesley Powell published the book ‘Reports on the Lands of the Arid Regions of the United States’ which suggested the boundaries based on water resources and irrigation schemes. John Wesley Powell attended Key West (Key West, FL). Darrah, William C. 1951 Powell of the Colorado. As a measure of Walcott’s success Powell’s principal critics in Congress, especially those in the Senate, changed their opinion about the USGS. https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/john-wesleypowell.html 1898 Truth and Error. Powell's contribution was recognized with honorary degrees from Harvard and Heidelberg universities. Pilling’s bibliographies of the various language stocks grew out of an assignment from Powell. In 1874, John Wesley Powell established the Cosmos Club which advocated scholarship and civic activities. At the end of the war, he was made a brevet lieutenant colonel. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979–1980. This was consistent with his belief that there is an inevitable and gradual process of concentration or centralization of authority and powers in all social institutions. Many in Congress and industry opposed Powell and his ideas, most of these persons with good reasons although some did so with ill grace. He had been critically ill for some days. His life was dedicated to exploring and conserving the natural resources—scientific, scenic, economic, and human—of the American West. After the minority report trumpeted some of Powell’s shortcomings, Congress asked the USGS to specify the funds it required for publications and then required the agency to itemize its entire budget. ." It contained a strange mixture of material and fared badly at the hands of reviewers, although it embodied many of Powell’s keen observations on man and evolution. In 1869 and 1871, John Wesley Powell led two expeditions from Wyoming Territory down the Green and Colorado rivers. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994. John Wesley Powell River History Museum: Great museum - See 186 traveler reviews, 64 candid photos, and great deals for Green River, UT, at Tripadvisor. If you look closely at the rocks near the entrance of the cavern, you should be able to spot fossilized marine creatures within them. John Wesley Powell National Conservation Area “We have an unknown distance yet to run, an unknown river to explore. Minerals, Lands, and Geology for the Common Defense and General Welfare: A History of Public Lands, Federal Science and Mapping Policy, and Development of Mineral Resources in the United States, vol. A persistent and omnivorous amateur at that stage, he made long solitary trips through Wisconsin, down the Mississippi to New Orleans, down the Ohio from Pittsburgh to Cairo, through the Iron Mountain country of Missouri, down the Illinois, up the Des Moines. Concluding otherwise absolves Powell of accountability. Upon interpretation by the attorney general, it proved to have withdrawn from settlement the entire public domain until Powell could complete his designation of reclamation sites and could certify the lands under them as irrigable and hence open to filing. : Harvard Univ. From 1871 to 1879, Powell headed one of the four federal geological and geographical surveys of land in the public domain. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Darrah, William Culp. In 1869 Powell and a small party descended the Colorado River through the Grand Canyon, a feat never before accomplished. Retrieved December 22, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/powell-john-wesley. John Wesley Powell has been a part of the Explorer list. “Toward a Reliable Geologic Map of the United States, 1803–1893.” In “Surveying the Record: North American Scientific Exploration to 1930,” edited by Edward Carter II. • Powell, J.W. ——Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States, 2nd ed. Further bibliographical information is in Darrah and in Stegner (see below). Rabbitt briefly summarizes her two volumes cited above. His importance as a scientific explorer was recognized when he became director of the U.S. Geological Survey in 1880. A decade later Congress funded the Irrigation Survey to aid development in the region. . Later, when he was working his father’s Wisconsin farm, teaching in a country school, or snatching short periods of instruction at Illinois Institute (now Wheaton College), Illinois College, and Oberlin. Worster, Donald. We are located in Page, AZ, the only city near Lake Powell. He was a man of action, a skillful organizer and administrator. In 1868 he repeated the expedition, exploring west of the continental divide and wintering on the White River in western Colorado. In 1889 John Powell reached the apex of his power and influence as the manager of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), its Irrigation Survey (IS), and the Smithsonian Institution’s Bureau of Ethnology (BE), but his nadir followed in less than five years. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/powell-john-wesley, "Powell, John Wesley : Open Court. Since 1950 evaluations in three significant book-length biographies, sections in related volumes, many articles, several film and television presentations, and an on-stage impersonator’s portrayal ascribe the causes for and results of Powell’s rapid decline to persons and circumstances beyond his control. When, at Interior Secretary Carl Schurz’s request, Powell drafted unacceptable legislation from the NAS plan, Schurz asked King to co-write a new and the enacted version. The geologists he enlisted in the later years of the survey were men of real stature; and in collaboration with them, especially with Grove Karl Gilbert, Clarence E. Dutton, and W. H. Holmes, he did much to formulate the basic principles of structural geology. John Wesley Powell River History Museum: Interesting - See 186 traveler reviews, 64 candid photos, and great deals for Green River, UT, at Tripadvisor. Powell was born on March 24, 1834, in Mount Morris, N.Y. John Wesley Powell (1834–1902), American geologist and anthropologist, was born in Mount Morris, New York. 3:18. His father was a farmer, tailor, and priest while his mother was a missionary. 9:12. Vol. Hinsley, Curtis. "John Wesley Powell John Wesley Powell was born on March 24, 1834, in New York, United States of America. Powell lobbied diligently for the creation of a federal department of science with Cabinet rank and for concepts remarkably similar to those incorporated eventually in the National Science Foundation. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Director Walcott promptly returned the USGS to its earlier efforts on behalf of the country’s significant economic and educational interests. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1954. John Wesley Powell River History Museum: interesting - See 187 traveler reviews, 100 candid photos, and great deals for Green River, UT, at Tripadvisor. Encyclopedia.com. Congress curtailed the activities of the Irrigation Survey in 1885, but Powell continued with the mapping of water resources, and he trained specialists who later, in 1902, staffed the Bureau of Reclamation. The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons. Powell’s principal geological contributions were made in Report on the Exploration of the Colorado River of the West and Its Tributaries (Washington, D.C., 1875), and in Report on the Geology of the Eastern Portion of the Uinta Mountains and a Region of Country Adjacent Thereto (Washington, D.C., 1876). The lake is named after explorer John Wesley Powell, the first documented person to float the Colorado River. His personal influence upon his associates, for example on Lester Ward and especially on those in the Geological Survey, was remarkable. Powell of the Colorado. Instead he recommended Walcott to Smith and Cleveland. (December 22, 2020). Aton, James M., John Wesley Powell, Boise, Idaho: Boise State University, 1994. In 1875, he published the book ‘Exploration of the Colorado River of the West and Its Tributaries Explored in 1869, 1870, 1871 and 1872 under the Direction of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution’. "Powell, John Wesley He taught in several common schools until the outbreak of the Civil War. . From that exploration, the last major one within the continental United States, he emerged a national hero; and when, on 12 July 1870, Congress created an early, informal version of what would become the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, parallel to and in competition with the King, Hayden, and Wheeler surveys already in the field, Powell was placed in charge of it. John Wesley Powell rose to prime prominence as a Explorer. Facsimile of the second (1879) edition, with an introduction by T. H. Watkins. see also Bureau of Reclamation, U.S.; Geological Survey, U.S.; Stream Erosion and Landscape Development. There he conceived and prepared for his 1869 boat exploration down the unknown canyons of the Green and Colorado rivers from Green River, Wyoming, to the mouth of the Virgin. New York: Viking, 1986. Encyclopedia.com. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1979. "Powell, John Wesley In 1862, John Wesley Powell married Emma Dean with whom he had a daughter, Mary Dean Powell. John Wesley Powell was born on March 24, 1834. King and Powell’s friends in Congress convinced their colleagues and President Chester Arthur to authorize the USGS to continue that map’s preparation, by which Powell officially extended agency activities nationwide. In January 1865 he resigned with the rank of brevet lieutenant colonel. The bill authorizing the irrigation survey was loosely and ambiguously phrased. He advanced many original ideas in geology but was content to see them pursued by others. John Wesley Powell is known for going on the expedition known as the ‘Powell Geographic Expedition.’. Unofficially, this assembly of (mostly) conscripted men that accompanied and worked for the major was dubbed unlikely to succeed. 11. The next year he rowed down the Illinois, Mississippi and Des Moines Rivers to reach Iowa. Possessed of sudden, unexpected power, Powell labored to finish his mapping, hoping to forestall in much of the West the unhappy consequences of dryland homesteading. . Powell also knew that King intended (for reasons personal and professional) to remain with the USGS only long enough to get the fledgling agency up and running. Fowler, Don. That bureau, which ." John was born on March 24, 1834 in Mount Morris, NY. Discover and add pictures, bio information and documents about the life of John Wesley Powell. American geologist Ferdinand Vandiveer Hayden (1829-1887) explored the Great Plains and Rocky M…, Dutton, Clarence Edward (1875) 1964 Canyons of the Colorado. 1834, Mount Morris, New York, United States of America, John Wesley Powell was born on March 24, 1834. He directed t Prepared for college early (he was ready to matriculate at thirteen), Dutton was held back by his parents, Samuel an…, South Dakota, President Calvin Coolidge distributed to reporters copies of a simple message: "I do not choose to run for President in nineteen twenty…, Thomas Jefferson John Wesley Powell (1834 - 1902, image above from Wikimedia commons) was made the first director of the Bureau of Ethnology in the United States in 1879, which was established that same year by an Act of Congress, a position he held until his death in 1902. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Their contributions were less individual than mutual. When a new national monetary crisis began in 1890, Powell and the USGS did not respond as effectively during the next two years as King and the agency had done in 1879. . Boston: Harvard Common Press, 1983. It was republished in 1895 as ‘Canyons of Colorado.’ In 1876, he published the book ‘Report on the Geology of the Eastern Portion of the Uinta Mountains’. 2d ed. As a thinker on the origins and patterns of society, Powell should be associated with the social Darwinism of Lester Ward, one of his employees and close collaborators, and with the systematic anthropological theories of Lewis Morgan, another of his close intellectual companions. (December 22, 2020). Powell resigned as director in May and underwent a needed operation on the stump of the arm he lost at Shiloh. The cries from the West grew louder as Powell’s work dragged on. His "antecedent" streams predated geologic uplifts of plateaus and mountains and maintained their courses during elevation; "consequent" streams postdated these uplifts and were controlled by them; and "superimposed" streams exceeded uplift rates to expose older structural settings. Following the war Powell taught at Illinois State Normal University, and during this period he organized student field trips to Colorado to study geology and biology. Even before he undertook to direct the governmental study of the Indians, he published his seminal Introduction to the Study of the Indian Languages (1877), building upon and greatly enlarging the pioneer studies of Albert Gallatin. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1879. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for The Powell Expedition: New Discoveries about John Wesley Powell’s 1869 River Journey at Amazon.com. His classification of American Indian languages is still valuable. Zernel, John. Powell continued collecting. In 1867 he conducted a party of students and amateur scientists to Colorado; he and his wife ascended Pike's Peak and explored the Grand River. Washington: Government Printing Office. He attended Wheaton and Oberlin colleges but obtained no degree. The career was multiple, involving a constant interaction among Powell’s personal knowledge of the west, his active involvement in the nascent sciences of geology and American ethnology, and his increasing influence as a government scientist. John Wesley Powell is known for going on the expedition known as the ‘Powell Geographic Expedition.’ Early Life. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/powell-john-wesley, Nelson, Clifford M. "Powell, John Wesley In 1893 interior secretary Hoke Smith, advised by King, advanced chief paleontologist Charles Walcott (King’s appointee in 1879) to replace Gilbert as geologist-in-charge of Geology and Paleontology. Rabbitt, Mary. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, King, Clarence Rivers ———. Everything possible, Powell believed, must be learned about a subject before applying the information gained to solving problems. When the expedition reached the foot of the Grand Canyon, which had been discovered previously by many peoples. His study of th semiarid lands and of the adjustments made by the Indians and Mormons who lived there emphasized the essential character of the region: although the land is potentially irrigable, there is an insufficient supply of water. Powell on antecedent and subsequent streams; Gilbert on stream erosion, recession of cliffs, and laccolithic uplifts; Dutton on isostasy and volcanism; and all of them together on the large problems of orogeny are still basic and indispensable after nearly a century. Wesley's life had three distinct phases. Merrill D. Peterson When Powell schemed to have the USGS transferred to the Smithsonian (to join the BE) or to the Department of Agriculture (to emphasize USGS work on soils and surficial geology), Congress, Smith, and President Cleveland rang a decisive alarm bell. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. For biographical information as well as estimates of Powell’s scientific contributions, see Grove Karl Gilbert et al., John Wesley Powell, a Memorial (Chicago, 1904); W. M. Davis, “Biographical Memoir of John Wesley Powell,” in Biographical Memoirs. In 1861, John Wesley Powell became a sergeant major in the 20th Illinois Infantry at Hennepin during the American Civil War. Flack, James. He died at his summer home at Haven, Maine, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Together, with a small crowd of local community members, they held a groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of what was designed to be a nationally relevant and culturally significant historical museum. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. He thought that in modern society there should be a continuing combination of similar institutions (“corporations”), whether they be governmental, industrial, religious, or scientific. Encyclopedia of World Biography. The Bureau of Ethnology was organized at the same time, and Powell became its first director, a position he held until his death. He died on Sept. 23, 1902, in Haven, Maine. Elmo Scott Watson tells of Powell's first western venture in The Professor Goes West (1954). When Clarence King resigned as director of the U.S. Geological Survey in 1881, Powell succeeded him, without relinquishing his position as head of the Bureau of Ethnology. He joined the Illinois Society of Natural History at the age of 20 and was soon elected secretary. He taught Greek, moderate daily disputation and the New Testament. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. For the original articl…, Ferdinand Vandiveer Hayden New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. (1875). Lake Powell is named for explorer John Wesley Powell, a one-armed American Civil War veteran who explored the river via three wooden boats in 1869. John Wesley Powell. John Wesley Powell created the first Museum of Anthropology of the Illinois State University. Powell Expedition Photos Grand Canyon was largely unknown until after the Civil War. Then he made significant contributions to geology and ethnology as he managed the organization that became the Interior Department’s U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. Powell of the Colorado. . He believed in the role of government as a source of unbiased scientific information for the use of both citizens and lawmakers; and when President Hayes came into office in 1877 on a platform of reform, Powell seized the opportunity to present to Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz a program for land laws and settlement policies appropriate to the West. During John's childhood the family migrated from Ohio to Wisconsin to Illinois, so his education was sporadic. ———. He was born to Joseph Powell and Mary Powell. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. His extremely important Report on the Lands of the Arid Region (1878) made use of the staff and the findings of his survey to State the conditions of the West and the necessary institutional and legal changes if it was to be settled without great individual hardship and disaster to the land. John Wesley Powell River History Museum. 1: Before 1879 and Minerals, Lands, and Geology for the Common Defence and General Welfare, Vol. The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons. On the morning of September 17, 1988 several state, county, and city politicians gathered at the future site of the John Wesley Powell River History Museum. New York: Garland Publishing, 2001. Chapter 22 summarizes the section on Powell’s pre-USGS organization in Bartlett’s 1962 volume. Retrieved December 22, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/powell-john-wesley. Explorer of the western U.S. who became the first person to study the Colorado rivers. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981. ." John Wesley Powell Museum This site is a companion to the museum, dedicated to the great explorer and containing a large amount of maps and artifacts from his journeys. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1875. New York: HarperCollins, 2001. In 1865, he became a professor of natural sciences at the Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington. He joined the Union army, serving more than three years in the artillery, and lost his right arm in the battle of Shiloh. Publication date 1902-07-01 Publisher American Anthropologist Collection jstor_ameranth; jstor_ejc; additional_collections; journals Contributor JSTOR Language English Volume 4 "John Wesley Powell" is an article from American Anthropologist, Volume 4. His findings were published in Explorations of the Colorado River of the West and Its Tributaries (1875) and revised in Canyons of the Colorado (1895). John Wesley Powell has been a part of the Explorer list. Paradoxically, he believed in extreme individualism. Prior to the Civil War, he worked as a schoolteacher and lyceum lecturer. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Dolnick, Edward. Language Tongue Much. 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