Your skin is not only your largest organ but is also an integral component of the body’s defence system. Depressed Elevated Crust/Scab (dried serum, blood, or pus overlying the lesion) Scale (dry, thin or thick flakes of skin overlying the lesion) Lichenification (thickened skin with accentuation of normal skin lines) Hypertrophic Scar (within boundary of injury) Keloid Scar (extend beyond boundary of injury) Atrophic Scar (fibrotic replacement of tissue at site of injury) Ulcer (complete loss of epidermis extending into dermis or deeper; heals with scar) Erosion (partial loss of epidermis only; heals without scar) Fissure (linear slit-like cleavage of skin) Excoriation/Scratch (linear erosion induced by scratching). Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. Erosion is an eating away of a surface. Causes include venous stasis dermatitis, physical trauma with or without vascular compromise (eg, caused by decubitus ulcers or peripheral arterial disease), infections, and vasculitis. Erosions are open areas of skin that result from loss of part or all of the epidermis. Annular lesions are rings with central clearing. Disease or impairment of the skin’s normal function can lead to significant morbidity and mortality 1.. Telangiectases are foci of small, permanently dilated blood vessels that may occur in areas of sun damage, rosacea, systemic diseases (especially systemic sclerosis), or inherited diseases (eg, ataxia-telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia) or after long-term therapy with topical fluorinated corticosteroids. The Manual was first published in 1899 as a service to the community. Of the main factors that influence the development of PUs, which of the following contributes to PUs but is not a direct cause? Superficial vascular lesions such as port-wine stains may appear red. Ulcers on lower leg trauma. A macule is a distinct discoloration of the skin that is flat and smaller than 1 centimeter in … Nummular lesions are circular or coin-shaped; an example is nummular eczema. The key features of skin lesions are (1) the type of lesion, (2) secondary changes to the surface of the lesion, (3) the color of the lesion, (4) the shape of the lesion, and (5) the arrangement and distribution of the lesions. Nikolsky sign is epidermal shearing that occurs with gentle lateral pressure on seemingly uninvolved skin in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis and some autoimmune bullous diseases. Erosion: An erosion is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the epidermis, a lesion that is moist, circumscribed, and usually depressed. Psoriasis frequently exhibits this phenomenon, as may lichen planus, often resulting in linear lesions. Pityriasis rosea and chronic dermatitis of any type may be scaly. Purpura may indicate a coagulopathy. Traumatically induced lesions, including excoriations caused by the patient's fingernails, are typically linear. Examples include cutis marmorata and livedo reticularis. Up to 5% of normal patients may exhibit this sign, which is a form of physical urticaria. Are ulcers primary or secondary. Primary lesions of the skin are the first recognizable lesions in the skin. Rash is a general term for a temporary skin eruption. Distribution is random or patterned, symmetric or asymmetric. The term maculopapular is often loosely and improperly used to describe many red rashes; because this term is nonspecific and easily misused, it should be avoided. Nodules are firm papules or lesions that extend into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. Park YS, Kang JH, Kim HY, Kang DW, Chang WS, Kim JP, Chang JW Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2011;89(3):178-84. Fluid is often visible and the lesions are translucent 24. It occurs in patients with urticaria pigmentosa or mastocytosis. 4.25). In addition, the skin can serve as a window for the evaluation of internal health and disease. Classic autoimmune bullous diseases include pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. Particular body parts are affected (eg, palms or soles, scalp, mucosal membranes). The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Indurated skin has a hard, resistant feeling. Examples include nevi, warts, lichen planus, insect bites, seborrheic keratoses, actinic keratoses, some lesions of acne, and skin cancers. Download MORPHOLOGY OF SKIN LESIONS: Secondary Skin Lesions Scheme, Print MORPHOLOGY OF SKIN LESIONS: Secondary Skin Lesions Scheme, MORPHOLOGY OF SKIN LESIONS: Secondary Skin Lesions. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. Some skin diseases are very prone to break down into sores. The pattern of multiple lesions or the shape of an individual lesion can be useful in narrowing the differential diagnosis. The trusted provider of medical information since 1899, Lesion Configuration (Secondary Morphology). Erosions can be traumatic or can occur with various inflammatory or infectious skin diseases. Full thickness sores are ulcers. Freckles are treated with fading creams, the hydroquinones, or varying levels of chemical peels. Examples include molluscum contagiosum and herpes simplex. Bullae are clear fluid-filled blisters > 10 mm in diameter. Bullae also may occur in inherited disorders of skin fragility. Specific types are listed below. The word "erosion" comes from the Latin "erodere" meaning to eat out. These may be caused by burns, bites, irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis, and drug reactions. EROSION - A shallow, moist, or crusted lesion resulting from the loss of the superficial layers of the upper epidermis only, as from friction or pressure. Macule. It is usually produced by induration of the dermis and/or subcutaneous tissue. Example: Scabies. MORPHOLOGY OF SKIN LESIONS: Secondary Skin Lesions Skin Lesion Secondary Skin Lesion Lesion that develops from trauma, manipulation (rubbing, scratching), complication (infection) of initial lesion, or develops naturally over time Primary Skin Lesion Initial lesion not altered by trauma, manipulation (rubbing, scratching), complication (infection), or natural regression over time. Erosion: Partial thickness loss of epidermis (may be a primary lesion or secondary feature of another lesion such as an eroded papule) Ulcer: Loss of at least the full thickness of epidermis (may be a primary lesion or secondary feature) Petechia: Small (< 0.5 mm) nonblanching macule caused by bleeding of small blood vessels Reserve your copy today. Macules are flat, nonpalpable lesions usually < 10 mm in diameter. Definition (NCI) A circumscribed and often suppurating skin crater which usually includes loss of skin integrity of the superficial skin or the mucous membranes. But nevertheless, we note that erosive lesions are mainly localized on the epithelium of the face, genitals, hands, mucous membrane of the oral cavity, and also in the area of natural folds. Urticaria (wheals or hives) is characterized by elevated lesions caused by localized edema. In this lesson, we are going to discuss secondary lesions found on the skin. Secondary lesions of herpes zoster. Serpiginous lesions have linear, branched, and curving elements. Secondary lesions, on the other … Ulcers. Reticulated lesions have a lacy or networked pattern. Erosion of the stomach is a lesion of the walls of the stomach, accompanied by one or more ulcers, or placed on the bottom surfaces of the body, as shown in the photo. Lesions are on sun-exposed or protected skin. Shades of blue, silver, and gray can result from deposition of drugs or metals in the skin, including minocycline, amiodarone, and silver (argyria). Define and give an example of these secondary lesions: crust, scale, fissure, erosion, ulcer. ... Ch 23: Skin Lesions 58 Terms. Atrophy is thinning of the skin, which may appear dry and wrinkled, resembling cigarette paper. Examples include cysts, lipomas, and fibromas. Wheals are pruritic and red. [21] [33] Excoriation : a punctate or linear abrasion produced by mechanical means (often scratching), usually involving only the epidermis, but commonly reaching the papillary dermis . Lichen planus frequently arises on the wrists, forearms, genitals, and lower legs. Furthermore, skin lesions can be broken down into two major groups: primary and secondary. Lesions of psoriasis and granuloma annulare commonly form plaques. Discoid lupus erythematosus has characteristic lesions on sun-exposed skin of the face, especially the forehead, nose, and the conchal bowl of the ear. Vesicle A small, fluid filled lesion, <0.5 cm in diameter, raised above the plane of surrounding skin. Macules represent a change in color and are not raised or depressed compared to the skin surface. Target (bull’s-eye or iris) lesions appear as rings with central duskiness and are classic for erythema multiforme. Examples include some fungal and parasitic infections (eg, cutaneous larva migrans). (NICHD) Examples include freckles, flat moles, tattoos, and port-wine stains, and the rashes of rickettsial infections, rubella, measles (can also have papules and plaques), and some allergic drug eruptions. Health Assessment Skin (chapter 12) 31 Terms. Vesicles are characteristic of herpes infections, acute allergic contact dermatitis, and some autoimmune blistering disorders (eg, dermatitis herpetiformis). Often pathology develops in the process of chronic diseases, for example, such as liver failure. EX: impetigo, weeping, eczematous, dermatitis, scab after abrasion Koebner phenomenon describes the development of lesions within areas of trauma (eg, caused by scratching, rubbing, or injury). Ulcers result from loss of the epidermis and at least part of the dermis. Examples include nevi, warts, lichen planus, insect bites, seborrheic keratoses, actinic keratoses, some lesions of acne, and skin cancers. Crust: The thickened, dried-out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up. Stria (plural striae) are linear, atrophic, pink, purple, or white lesions of the skin and are sometimes called “stretch marks”. Herpetiform describes grouped papules or vesicles arranged like those of a herpes simplex infection. Unless they are peracute, these lesions are typically accompanied by inflammation in the superficial dermis and may be accompanied by epidermal hyperplasia, particularly at … Papules are elevated lesions usually < 10 mm in diameter that can be felt or palpated. Green fingernails suggest Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Xanthomas, which are yellowish, waxy lesions, may be idiopathic or may occur in patients who have lipid disorders. An aphtha is a painful, sharply circumscribed, round erosion with a diameter of 1 cm or less in the mucous membrane (Fig. Atrophy also may result from long-term use of potent topical corticosteroids. Plaques may be flat topped or rounded. Find skin erosion stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Atrophy may be caused by chronic sun exposure, aging, and some inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases, including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and lupus erythematosus. Some scars become hypertrophic or thickened and raised. This language, reviewed here, can be used to describe any skin finding. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual in the remainder of the world. Define and give an example of these secondary lesions: crust, scale, fissure, erosion, ulcer crust--thickened dried out exudate left when vesicles/postules burst or dry up. Primary lesions are abnormalities that result as a direct effect of a disease. About the signs and symptoms of skin erosion, its causes of appearance and methods of treatment in … The major types and characteristics of skin lesions are given in . Please confirm that you are a health care professional. Some skin lesions have visible or palpable texture that suggests a diagnosis. Vascular lesions or tumors, such as Kaposi sarcoma and hemangiomas, can appear purple. Crusts (scabs) consist of dried serum, blood, or pus. Darier sign refers to rapid swelling of a lesion when stroked. When brown spots begin to raise up, they may be benign seborrheic keratoses. Zosteriform describes lesions clustered in a dermatomal distribution similar to those of herpes zoster. Deep dermal nevi appear blue. Induration, or deep thickening of the skin, can result from edema, inflammation, or infiltration, including by cancer. Scars are areas of fibrosis that replace normal skin after injury. Examples of vesicle Chicken pox Herpes zoster 25. Psoriasis frequently affects the scalp, extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees, umbilicus, and the gluteal cleft. The effort to use precise descriptive terms also encourages a clinician to look with more care and more closely at a patient’s skin lesions. Crusting can occur in inflammatory or infectious skin diseases (eg, impetigo). Examples include granuloma annulare, some drug eruptions, some dermatophyte infections (eg, tinea [ringworm]), and secondary syphilis. It is accompanied by peripheral inflammatory flush. Examples include nevi, warts, lichen planus, insect bites, seborrheic keratoses, actinic keratoses, some lesions of acne, and skin cancers. Surface sores are called erosions; these may start off as blisters or pustules. There are many risk factors for PUs, which include age > 65 years, decreased mobility, and impaired sensation, among others. Existing feature sets have defined many low-level ... where A B and A B are morphological erosion and dilation, defined as: A B = \ b2B A b (3) A B = [b2B A b (4) where A ... this example, fB 1 = 0:0910 Thus the points of the shape border are transformed into A combination procedure with double C-shaped skin incision and dual-floor burr hole method to prevent skin erosion on the scalp and reduce postoperative skin complications in deep brain stimulation. hsalqahtani. The skin lesions may be associated with purpura and superficial erosions of the oral mucosa. The typical wheal lasts < 24 hours. Examples include warts and seborrheic keratoses. The following are examples of skin lesions: Freckles are collections of brown pigment that typically occur in children, morphing into age-spots in adults. Example: Scratching, minor skin … Translations in context of "skin erosion" in English-French from Reverso Context: Heat, moisture and sweat retention coupled with friction cause maceration, inflammation with erythema, burning and exsudation, and sometimes skin erosion. A disorder characterized by circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the skin. Insect … EXCORIATION - A skin abrasion that is usually superficial and due to scratching of the skin. Black skin lesions may be melanocytic, including nevi and melanoma. Keloids are hypertrophic scars that extend beyond the original wound margin. Circumscribed and elevated. Orange skin is most often seen in hypercarotenemia, a usually benign condition of carotene deposition after excess dietary ingestion of beta-carotene. Vesicles are small, clear, fluid-filled blisters < 10 mm in diameter. Obviously, before we discuss them, we need to know what a skin lesion is! To do that, you need to know how to describe a lesion with the associated language. A patch is a large macule. Ischemic skin appears purple to gray in color. Causes include platelet abnormalities (eg, thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction), vasculitis, and infections (eg, meningococcemia, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, other rickettsioses). Erosion: intraepithelial loss of epidermis, usually heals without scarring, moist, circumscribed, usually depressed lesion due to loss of all or part of the epidermis e.g. Cutaneous tumors are often pink or red. Plate 6 shows the definition and appearance of common primary lesions. Fissure: linear, often painful breaks within the skin surface, as a result of excessive xerosis (dryness of skin). Such a lesion of the skin as erosion, often bothers men, women. To determine the cause of erosion is possible only if a full diagnostic study. Palpable purpura is considered the hallmark of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Excoriations may be linear or focal. An excoriation is a linear erosion caused by scratching, rubbing, or picking. Vitiligo may be patchy and isolated or may group around the distal extremities and face, particularly around the eyes and mouth. Petechiae are nonblanchable punctate foci of hemorrhage. Configuration is the shape of single lesions and the arrangement of clusters of lesions. Purpura is a larger area of hemorrhage that may be palpable. cjmeshia PLUS. Click for word document: Approach to Skin Lesions Background. Sclerosis: Sclerosis refers to a circumscribed, diffuse hardening or induration in the skin. A lesionis any abnormal growth or area of skin that differs from the skin around it. Auspitz sign is the appearance of pinpoint bleeding after scale is removed from plaques in psoriasis. Thousands of new, high … Close inspection Size of the lesion(s) Assess the size of the lesion(s): measure their width and height (if raised). Last full review/revision Feb 2019| Content last modified Feb 2019, © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), © 2021 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA, Cross-section of the skin and skin structures, Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders. Example of an Erosion. Skin erosion: Skin erosion is a loss of some or all of the epidermis (the outer layer) leaving a denuded surface. HA Integumentary Physical Exam 67 Terms. Violet skin may result from cutaneous hemorrhage or vasculitis. Erosions can be subtle, shallow lesions with loss of only the upper layers of cells and may be difficult to identify. herpes simplex. Linear lesions take on the shape of a straight line and are suggestive of some forms of contact dermatitis, linear epidermal nevi, and lichen striatus. This pathology can occur on any part of the body. Large areas of purpura may be called ecchymoses or, colloquially, bruises. A lilac color of the eyelids or heliotrope eruption is characteristic of dermatomyositis. Black eschars are collections of dead skin that can arise from infarction, which may be caused by infection (eg, anthrax, angioinvasive fungi including Rhizopus, meningococcemia), calciphylaxis, arterial insufficiency, or vasculitis. Plaques are palpable lesions > 10 mm in diameter that are elevated or depressed compared to the skin surface. Now on sale in the Medical Bookstore. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. Pustules are vesicles that contain pus. Red skin (erythema) can result from many different inflammatory or infectious diseases. Other examples of vesicle Impetigo Insect bite Herpes simplex Dermatitis herpetiformis 26. Each type of injury creates a complex set of skin responses, such as erythema, macules, papules, pustules, vesicles/bullae, erosion, and ulcers. Configuration of the lesion(s) Assess the configuration of the lesion(s).. Configuration refers to the shape or outline of skin lesions. Wheals are a common manifestation of hypersensitivity to drugs, stings or bites, autoimmunity, and, less commonly, physical stimuli including temperature, pressure, and sunlight. Erosion. The term maculopapular is often loosely and improperly used to describe many red rashes; because this term is nonspecific and easily misused, it should be avoided. Epub 2011 Apr 20 doi: 10.1159/000324903. (See also Evaluation of the Dermatologic Patient andDiagnostic Tests for Skin Disorders.). Example: Ruptured varicella vesicles. The diagnosis of any skin lesion starts with an accurate description of it. Dermatographism is the appearance of an urticarial wheal after focal pressure (eg, stroking or scratching the skin) in the distribution of the pressure. of skin lesion images obtained with standard cameras are presented. Although few patterns are pathognomonic, some are consistent with certain diseases. Examples: impetigo, acne. The term maculopapular is often loosely and improperly used to describe many red rashes; because this term is nonspecific and easily misused, it should be avoided. Merck and Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside the US and Canada) is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. Yellow skin is typical of jaundice, xanthelasmas and xanthomas, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. An enanthema is a lesion of the mucous membranes, such as the oral mucosa, conjunctiva and external genitalia. MORPHOLOGY OF SKIN LESIONS: Secondary Skin Lesions Skin Lesion Secondary Skin Lesion Lesion that develops from trauma, manipulation (rubbing, scratching), complication (infection) of initial lesion, or develops naturally over time Primary Skin Lesion Initial lesion not altered by trauma, manipulation (rubbing, scratching), complication (infection), or natural regression over time. Verrucous lesions have an irregular, pebbly, or rough surface. Deeper than erosions, involve dermis and/or deeper layers. 11. Lichenification is thickening of the skin with accentuation of normal skin markings; it results from repeated scratching or rubbing. Scale is heaped-up accumulations of horny epithelium that occur in disorders such as psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and fungal infections. Partial loss of epidermis. Umbilicated lesions have a central indentation and are usually viral. Hidradenitis suppurativa involves skin containing a high density of apocrine glands, including the axillae, groin, and under the breasts. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. WikiMatrix Their age is also shown by the rather mild nature of the reliefs, with a few peaks over 1000 m of altitude, presenting what remains of the superficial erosion which has partly left untouched the magmatic intrusions and the metamorphic rocks originated before the Variscan orogeny. Pressure ulcers (PUs) are defined as areas of necrosis and ulceration where tissues are compressed between bone and hard surfaces, such as a bed or chair. An extensive language has been developed to standardize the description of skin lesions, including, Lesion type (sometimes called primary morphology), Lesion configuration (sometimes called secondary morphology). 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