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The metallurgical industries can produce various residues, and some of these residues can be utilized with success in the agricultural activity, as in the case of the steel slag, which has brought important contributions in agricultural production. However, ladle steel slag, resulting from further refining, is quite different from steel slag [5]. Steel slag may now be used as fertiliser for soil, Alphonso — the King of mangoes — to arrive late in markets this year, India likely to export 10 MT of non-Basmati rice in 2020-21 season, Sugar production up 42% in Oct-Dec at 110.22 lakh tonne: ISMA, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Share Price, This website follows the DNPA’s code of conduct. ), a steel slag, furnace slag, etc. Soil improvement and fertilizer: ... magnetic separation and screening process. LS showed the highest content of Si, while SS has a great amount of P2O5 (Table 1). It is noted that some materials have a higher amount of micronutrients, for example, the steel slag with a higher presence of iron than the other materials and the blast furnace slag with higher content of manganese; the presence of higher micronutrients could be interesting to provide this element for the plant. The hydroxyl (OH−) produced neutralizes the H+ of the soil solution and the phytotoxic Al3+, and, consequently, there is an increase in pH and a decrease in the concentration of the potential acidity (H + Al) [16]. To quickly correct a lowlH or acid soil problem, a finer graded agricultural slag material should be used. The application of slag can neutralize part of the soil acidity; this occurs because these materials have in their composition the neutralizing base SiO32− [15] that reacts in water and releases hydroxyl (OH−) ions, according to the equations below [2]: The value of the ionization constant (Kb1) shows that SiO32− is a weak base, that is, the OH− forming reaction is relatively slow and partial. The chemical composition of CaO, SiO2, and MgO in steel slag was the same as that of the raw inorganic fertilizer material, in terms of composition and also contained e ective components such as FeO, Although the above studies did not observe an increase in the heavy metals’ levels in soil and plants, monitoring of the availability of these toxic elements in the soil and in the plant, as well as the characterization of the residue to be used, is fundamental for the success in the residues used in agriculture. Steel slag produced from basic oxygen and Iron & Steel Slag Beneficially Reused Due to the characteristics of these secondary materials, respectively due to the high content of calcium oxide, they can be used on agricultural lands in order to neutralize the soil acidity and implicitly, for a better In recent years, the use of slag as a calcareous material in acid soils has become very important. We previously reported that steel slag was an effective . Aspects related to monitoring the presence of heavy metals will be addressed. On the other hand, investigations Built by scientists, for scientists. for blast furnace slag and 100 000 tons for steelmaking slag. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. Disposal of different wastes produced from different Industries is a great problem for any country. The steel residues have very variable chemical composition due to the different processes to obtain them, becoming the important quantification of these elements in the soil and the crops after long-term residue application. Developed countries like Japan, USA have taken lead in making fertilisers as slag silicate fertiliser, by-produced lime fertiliser, slag phosphate fertiliser or iron matter of special fertiliser using steel-making slag. After 27 months of application of steel slag at doses 2, 4, and 8 t/ha, without incorporation, under no-tillage system, there was an increase in base saturation and reduction of Al3+ up to 0.40 m with application of steel slag; in the same period, the effects of limestone on the soil were observed up to 0.20 m (Figure 1) [22]. By Angélica Cristina Fernandes Deus, Rosemary Marques de Almeida Bertani, Guilherme Constantino Meirelles, Anelisa de Aquino Vidal Lacerda Soares, Lais Lorena Queiroz Moreira, Leonardo Theodoro Büll and Dirceu Maximino Fernandes, Submitted: May 11th 2018Reviewed: September 10th 2018Published: December 31st 2018, Home > Books > Recovery and Utilization of Metallurgical Solid Waste. As a result of growing environmental awareness, iron and steel slag is highly regarded as a recycled material that can reduce impacts on the environment due to its resource-conservation and energy-saving effects. plants can be harvested and the con-taminated plant material disposed of safely. Today, iron and steel slag is used in many fields where its unique characteristics can be put to effective use. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. nutrients and rice production. The main restriction for the use of slags is the presence of heavy metals in its composition, which have to be evaluated before their soil application. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This steel can be recycled. soil, in order to evaluate possible harmful effects after slag application for agricultural purposes and to avoid their possible negative environmental impacts, as well as the use of steel slags for metal stabilisation in contaminated soils. Heavy metal contents in the slags shown in Table 1 agree with the values which are considered tolerable for application to the soil [10]. Covid test, quarantine rules, guidelines; you need to know, Delays over pricing holds back India’s vital Covid-19 vaccine rollout, Budget 2021 Expectations: Lower taxes, forex overhaul, simplified GST, more on MSMEs, startups wishlist, Rakesh Jhunjhunwala’s favourite stock at new 52-week high; Titan jewellery business beats COVID blues, Copyright © Ag-Slag is more often coarser than limestone but should be adequate to maintain proper levels of soil pH. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Disease X to haunt 2021? Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? Accelerants can effectively enhance the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) system. SSS, stainless steel slag; SS, steel slag; LS, ladle slag; W, wollastonite; NP, neutralization power; RR, reactivity rate, expresses the percentage of corrective material that reacts in 3 months; ECC, effective calcium carbonate. Studies conducted by [19, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28] showed positive effects in soil acidity correction of surface application of steel slag compared to lime in no-tillage system, in tropical soil. Developed countries like Japan, USA have taken lead in making fertilisers as slag silicate fertiliser, by-produced lime fertiliser, slag phosphate fertiliser or iron matter of special fertiliser using steel-making slag. The increase of heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As), was insignificant compared to the application of 8 t/ha [32]. Steel slag may now be used as fertiliser for soil - The Financial … Bioremediation approaches assist in the removal of heavy metals in the soil. The pH value measuring, granulation and adsorption experiments were carried out to determine the optimal composition of soil amendment. The results of the researchers with the use of steel slag in agriculture have demonstrated that the proper application of these residues brings benefits on the chemical attributes of the soil, such as increase of pH in acidic soils; increase in the nutrient content of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium; and increase in the content of the beneficial element silicon [6, 11, 12, 13, 14]; these aspects contribute to greater crop production. Micronutrients and heavy metal contents in different slags. Out of India’s 142 million hectare of arrable land, 49 million hectare is covered by acid soils. The chemical evaluation of soil acidity correctives for agricultural purposes consists of the following determinations: neutralization power (NP) and calcium and magnesium contents [8]. Additionally, steel slags have been used as a low-cost source to supply Si to rice plants [3]. This leads to reduction of landfills reserved for An Overview of Use of Linz-Donawitz (LD) Steel Slag in Agriculture The homogeneous application of the residue in the area and the adequate incorporation in the soil are also important aspects to be considered. The use of steel slag as fertilisers and soil nutrients is gaining importance across the globe as it represents an eco-friendly application wherein advantages of chemical properties of steel-making slag can be utilised to promote the growth of plants and increase the yield of agricultural products, particularly in the areas where the soil is acidic. Is Slag the Future of Sustainable Pavements? Like the old basic slag our grade of steel works slag called Super Slag Basic is principally a lime based material which has absorbed the oxides and trace elements arising from the refining of iron. Calcium silicate is 6.78 times more soluble than lime [2], so the use of steel slag in the no-tillage system can be an important alternative source for the process of soil acidity correction, because it may promote greater mobility of SiO32− anions in soil profile, ensuring faster soil acidity correction in deeper layers in relation to the lime. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Especially in densely populated These variations may lead to possible increase in the content of these elements in the soil and increase in the availability to the plants. 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